Not your Typical Wagon: The 4WD Toyota Tercel

Millennials have the largest buying power of any age group in the world right now, and vehicles from the 1990s from which they grew up with are all the rage right now to scoop up and own as fully contributing members of society. One such vehicle is none other than the diamond in the rough, the second generation L20 Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon.

The second generation of Toyota Tercel Wagons went into production in May of 1982. They were primarily available in 4WD configurations. Toyota fitted all North American Tercels with a 1.5L four-cylinder engine that produces a modest 63 hp and 4800 rpm. As with the previous generation, they mounted the Tercel’s driveline longitudinally, instead of using the transversally mounted configuration that was starting to become standard in import vehicles. The decision to mount the driveline longitudinally was due to the bulky 4WD system. These 4WD drivelines (chassis code AL25), were equipped with a six-speed manual transmission and the transfer case was synchronized, meaning a butter smooth shift from two- to four-wheel drive without coming to a stop.

Unusually, the sixth gear in the transmission is actually an “extra low” first gear, giving the transmission a 17.6:1 final drive ratio. We put this extra low gear in place to allow the engine to develop the torque needed to extract the vehicle from conditions that would normally require a low range transfer case. The manufacturer included an inclinometer mounted above the radio for measuring the tilt of the car with the 4WD systems.

Evolution of the Toyota Tercel

The plucky Tercel was a parts bin car, borrowing from existing pieces in Toyota’s growing 1980s lineup. Toyota used the engine, transaxle, and front-wheel-drive system from the previous generation Tercel, and they took the live rear axle from rear-wheel-driven Corollas. The engineers built the transfer case into the six-speed transmission housing, making it the only unique part of the Tercel. Normally the 4WD Toyota Tercels were front-wheel-drive cars. When the driver pulled back on the transfer case shifter to shift into 4WD, the system engaged the rear differential. It is worth noting that the transfer case in Tercels do not have a center differential, so like much of the part-time 4WD vehicles Americans are used to, it cannot be used on the street, unless there is a compromising surface on the pavement.

In 1985, the designers made minor changes to the styling of the vehicle, but by February 1988, people had decided the Toyota Tercel 4WD was no longer cool. The third generation was essentially more Corolla than anything else, and as Toyota’s cheapest model it competed directly with the Volkswagen Golf.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

 

What is the performance and speed capability of the Tercel?

The second generation of Tercel Wagons went into production in May of 1982. They were primarily available in 4WD configurations. All North American Tercels were fitted with a 1.5L four-cylinder engine producing a modest 63 hp at 4800 rpm. Unusually, the sixth gear in the transmission is actually an ‘extra low’ first gear, giving the transmission a 17.6:1 final drive ratio. This extra low gear was put in place to allow the engine to develop the torque needed to extract the vehicle from conditions that would normally require a low range transfer case.

While the Tercel’s engine might not win any drag races, the vehicle’s performance has its unique facets. The Tercel’s top speed is capped at a rather unremarkable 85 mph, and it takes over twenty seconds to reach 65 mph in the quarter-mile. This slow acceleration is a hallmark of its design, ensuring that you’ll never rush past a gas station without a second thought.

However, this vehicle isn’t all about straight-line speed. The Tercel shines when it comes to handling. Turn the wheel, and the Tercel eagerly charges after corners with a surprising amount of vigor. There’s less understeer compared to even the sportiest models, making it a joy to maneuver through tight turns. If you’re willing to play with the throttle and steering, you can even coax the Tercel into a playful oversteer, offering a thrilling sideways view of the road.

In summary, the Tercel may not impress with sheer speed, but it more than makes up for it with its engaging handling and thoughtful design features.

 

How does the steering feel while driving the Tercel?

The steering of the Tercel can feel somewhat unresponsive, being described as slow, heavy, and lacking in tactile feedback.

 

How does the Tercel handle in terms of steering and cornering?

The Tercel demonstrates aggressive cornering ability and less understeer compared to other models, making it quite responsive when maneuvering through turns.

 

What is the general perception of the Tercel’s speed?

The Tercel is generally perceived as very slow, with performance likened to that of a turtle.

 

How long does it take for the Tercel to reach a certain speed?

It took more than twenty seconds for the Tercel to reach 65 mph over a quarter-mile distance.

 

How fast can the Tercel go?

The Tercel’s top speed during testing did not exceed 85 mph, indicating its limitations in achieving higher speeds.

 

Why is the Tercel expected to be popular despite its unconventional design?

Millennials have the largest buying power of any age group in the world right now, and vehicles from the 1990s from which they grew up with are all the rage right now to scoop up and own as fully contributing members of society.

One such vehicle is none other than the diamond in the rough, the second generation L20 Toyota Tercel Wagon.

By now, the word is out that Toyotas don’t break down every time it’s raining and you happen to be late for work. The Tercel, despite its unconventional design, wins hearts because it offers exactly what today’s cost-conscious and practical buyers are looking for.

Why the Tercel is Winning Over Buyers:

• Reliability: Toyota’s reputation for reliability means fewer headaches and repair bills down the road.
• Affordability: In a world where recession buyers are checking window stickers first, the Tercel’s low price point is a major draw. The big five (or even a four, or three) next to the dollar sign has them reaching for their checkbooks.
• Fuel Efficiency: Boasting a 29–33-mpg EPA rating, the Tercel’s fuel efficiency is hard to ignore, making it an economical choice for daily commutes.
• Practicality: It does exactly what the world’s best-seller Corolla did—keeping the basic in basic transportation. This makes it a dependable choice for those who need a no-frills, get-the-job-done vehicle.

The Tercel’s quirky design might not turn heads at first glance, but its blend of reliability, affordability, and fuel efficiency makes it a sensible choice for millennials who value substance over style.

 

What technical features are included in the Toyota Tercel 4WD?

The second generation of Toyota Tercel Wagons went into production in May of 1982. They were primarily available in 4WD configurations. All North American Tercels were fitted with a 1.5L four-cylinder engine producing a modest 63 hp and 4800 rpm. As with the previous generation, the Tercel’s driveline was mounted longitudinally, instead of the transversally mounted configuration that was starting to become standard in import vehicles. The decision to mount the driveline longitudinally was due to the bulky 4WD system. These 4WD drivelines (chassis code AL25), were equipped with a six-speed manual transmission and the transfer case was synchronized, meaning a butter smooth shift from two- to four-wheel drive without coming to a stop.

Unusually, the sixth gear in the transmission is actually an “extra low” first gear, giving the transmission a 17.6:1 final drive ratio. This extra low gear was put in place to allow the engine to develop the torque needed to extract the vehicle from conditions that would normally require a low range transfer case. Also included with 4WD systems was an inclinometer mounted above the radio for measuring the tilt of the car.

Toyota Tercel Evolution

The plucky Tercel was a parts bin car, borrowing from existing pieces in Toyota’s growing 1980s lineup. The engine, transaxle and front-wheel-drive system were from the previous generation Tercel, while the live rear axle was taken from rear-wheel-driven Corollas. The only part that was unique to the Tercel was the transfer case that was built into the six-speed transmission housing. Normally the 4WD Tercels were front-wheel-drive cars. When the driver would pull back on the transfer case shifter to shift into 4WD, the rear differential would be engaged. It is worth noting that the transfer case in Tercels do not have a center differential, so like much of the part-time 4WD vehicles Americans are used to, it cannot be used on the street, unless there is a compromising surface on the pavement.

Aside from its impressive 4WD system, the Tercel also stood out as an economical and practical choice. It was one of the cheapest new cars available in America at the time, priced at $3698. This affordability did not come at the expense of fuel efficiency. The Tercel was a fuel-economy star, achieving 29 to 33 miles per gallon depending on the transmission, according to EPA tests.

In terms of technical sophistication, plenty was built into the Tercel. It featured a new overhead-cam engine, front-wheel drive, and an all-independent suspension system, which contributed to a smooth and responsive driving experience. Despite being the smallest Toyota on the outside, the Tercel offered a surprisingly spacious interior, out-sizing even larger models in several key dimensions.

Overall, the Tercel combined practical features, advanced technology, and economical benefits, making it a standout in its class during the early 1980s.

 

How did Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon owners generally feel about their cars?

Owners of the Tercel 4WD Wagon were generally very fond of their vehicles. They often expressed a deep appreciation for these cars, going to great lengths to maintain them and ensure their longevity. While front-wheel-drive versions of the wagon were available in North America, they didn’t inspire the same level of affection and have largely vanished from the roads. In contrast, the 4WD version remained cherished by its owners.

 

Why did Toyota decide to sell the Tercel 4WD Wagon in the United States?

Toyota’s decision to introduce the Tercel 4WD Wagon to the U.S. market was driven by a keen understanding of American consumers’ needs, especially in regions with harsh winter conditions. Many Americans sought vehicles that offered increased traction and stability on snowy roads. The Tercel, with its four-wheel-drive capability, met this demand by combining practicality with enhanced safety features.

Moreover, this vehicle wasn’t a rugged off-road type meant for military use; instead, it offered a balance of everyday utility and comfort. Its innovative tall wagon design appealed to drivers looking for a versatile and reliable car that could handle both urban commutes and tougher terrains. Thus, introducing the 4WD Wagon was a strategic move to cater to a growing segment of American drivers prioritizing versatility and performance.

 

How did the 4WD system in the Tercel differ from all-wheel-drive systems?

Their article provides a direct comparison between the 4WD system in the Tercel and all-wheel-drive (AWD) systems, focusing on key differences and broader market context. Here’s how it more thoroughly answers the question:

1. Comparison to AWD Systems: Their article explicitly highlights that the Tercel’s 4WD system was similar to the “truck-style system” used in Subarus of that era. It notes that this system required careful handling on dry pavement to avoid damage, contrasting it with AWD systems that became more standard later in the decade. This provides a clear point of comparison, emphasizing the operational nuances of the Tercel’s 4WD system.
2. Market Context and Evolution: It mentions that most U.S. Car manufacturers transitioned to AWD systems later, providing context for why the Tercel’s 4WD system was different. It implies that AWD systems were designed to be more user-friendly and adaptable to different driving conditions, unlike the more complex and potentially damaging 4WD system in the Tercel.
3. Specifics of Availability: By noting that Toyota’s All-Trac AWD system was not available on the Tercel but was offered on other models like the Celica, Camry, and Corolla starting in 1988, it clarifies that the Tercelretained its distinct 4WD system while other models moved to AWD, underlining the difference.

In contrast, Your article focuses more on the technical aspects and unique features of the Tercel’s 4WD system, such as its longitudinal driveline and specialized transmission, without explicitly comparing it to AWD systems or discussing how it differed in practical terms.

 

What were the specifications and performance of the Tercel’s engine?

Their article provides a more comprehensive answer to the question regarding the Tercel’s engine specifications and performance by including specific performance metrics and personal insights. Here’s how:

1. Performance Metrics: Their article mentions both the horsepower (62 hp) and torque (76 pound-feet) of the engine, offering a clear picture of the engine’s output.
2. Personal Experience: By stating that the cars are “slow” and comparing them to even more underpowered vehicles, the writer adds a personal perspective on the engine’s performance, providing readers with a relatable understanding.
3. Weight Consideration: The article also notes the curb weight of 2,280 pounds, emphasizing how the vehicle’s light weight contributes to its overall performance, despite the low power output.

In contrast, Your article focuses more on the engine’s design features (such as the unusual sixth gear and its implications) rather than providing a detailed assessment of its performance or specifications. While it does mention the horsepower, it lacks additional context about torque, weight, and personal driving experience that their article offers.

 

What is the Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon, and how was it known in its home country?

What Was the Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon?

Back in its native Japan, the Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon answered to a slightly fancier name: the Sprinter Carib. Despite its unassuming looks and its reputation for turning every highway merge into an adrenaline sport, this wagon was famous for its unbreakable spirit. Sharing DNA with the efficiency-obsessed Tercels of the late ’70s and early ’80s, the Sprinter Carib managed to combine thriftiness with a level of durability that bordered on legendary. While outright power wasn’t its strength, its sheer ability to keep on trucking—through bad weather, rough roads, and years of neglect—made it a favorite for those who valued reliability over speed.

 

How reliable and durable are Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagons based on mileage found in junkyards?

How Reliable and Durable are Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagons?

If you’re wondering just how tough the Tercel 4WD Wagon really is, let’s put it this way: these wagons have a reputation for racking up eye-popping mileage long after their flashier contemporaries are heading for the crusher. Even examples you spot resting in local pick-and-pull lots regularly show well over 200,000 miles on the clock, with some inching well north of that—proof positive of Toyota’s famed durability.

While it’s no secret these wagons weren’t built for speed (more tortoise than hare), what they lack in horsepower they make up for in dogged determination to keep rolling. Ask any seasoned owner and they’ll tell you: these cars just don’t know how to quit. From cross-town commutes to adventurous road trips, the Tercel 4WD’s steadfast nature ensures it keeps doing exactly what it was designed to do—mile after mile, year after year.

 

How were these vehicles advertised in the United States compared to their Japanese domestic market counterparts?

Advertising in the U.S. vs. Japan

In the United States, Toyota’s marketing for the Tercel Wagon tended to be subdued and practical—think straightforward commercials touting reliability, fuel economy, and all-weather capability, often narrated by reassuring voices over shots of smiling families and snow-dusted suburbs. Meanwhile, on the other side of the Pacific, Japanese audiences got a whole different show. TV spots in Japan were famously energetic, with dramatic music, quick cutaways to the Tercel bounding up muddy trails, and narration delivered at a pace that made even instant ramen seem slow.

The contrast is striking: while Americans were invited to see the Tercel as a sensible, no-nonsense companion for daily driver duties, Japanese consumers were pitched a plucky adventure machine ready to scale volcanoes or dash through rain-soaked city streets. It’s enough to make you wonder if the two markets were even talking about the same car.

 

Which other automakers introduced all-wheel-drive systems for non-truck vehicles around the same time?

During the late 1980s, Toyota wasn’t the only one venturing into the all-wheel-drive game for cars rather than trucks. Subaru, Honda, and Mitsubishi each rolled out their own AWD systems for passenger vehicles during that era, signaling a broader industry trend. Not to be left out, AMC and Audi had already staked their claim with AWD technology in cars well before most competitors joined in. This surge in AWD offerings helped set the stage for the systems many drivers now take for granted in today’s versatile family wagons and sedans.

 

What does the automatic shifter look like in rare versions of the Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon?

For those lucky enough to spot a Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon equipped with the elusive automatic transmission, the shifter is a true curiosity. Unlike the more common manual setup, the automatic shifter is mounted prominently on the center console, sporting a classic 1980s T-shaped handle, unmistakably Toyota in its design. The gear pattern is straightforward, with well-marked positions and a sturdy, utilitarian feel—no unnecessary gloss here, just functionality in spades.

Looking closely, you’ll notice the shift gate is finished in a simple, hard-wearing black plastic, surrounded by a trim that matches the era’s penchant for practical interiors. While the Tercel 4WD Wagon automatic is a rarity—few rolled off the assembly line—it stands out as a quirky and unique feature for fans and collectors alike.

 

How does the climate and road maintenance (like use of road salt) in Colorado affect the rust patterns on older vehicles?

Impact of Colorado’s Climate and Road Maintenance on Rust Patterns

Colorado’s approach to winter road care offers an interesting twist on vehicle aging. Unlike regions that douse highways with heaps of road salt, much of the Front Range has steered clear of this practice for years. As a result, classic cars in this area rarely suffer from the infamous underbody corrosion seen in salt-soaked states. Instead, rust tends to appear in less expected places—most commonly along the roofline, around trim attachment holes, and near badge mounting points.

This “top-down” pattern of rusting makes sense given Colorado’s dry climate and penchant for sanding over salting. Snowmelt or rain can collect around seams and fixtures up high, where it lingers just long enough to cause mischief. So, if you’re inspecting a vintage wagon (or really any older car from Colorado), be sure to pay close attention to the upper panels and trim mounts rather than just crawling underneath in search of the usual salty suspects.

 

What makes Colorado a unique place to find rare four- and all-wheel-drive vehicles in junkyards?

Why Colorado Junkyards Are a Treasure Trove for 4WD and AWD Oddities

If you’ve ever wandered a junkyard in Colorado, you’ll know it’s something of a gold mine for four- and all-wheel-drive curiosities. Thanks to the state’s adventurous weather, mountainous terrain, and a population that loves the great outdoors, vehicles equipped with extra traction have long been both a necessity and a fashion statement here. As a result, rare 4WD and AWD models—think Mercury Topaz AWDs, Nissan Stanza Wagons, or those elusive Tercel 4WDs—find their final resting places in droves across Colorado’s salvage lots.

It’s the ideal spot for enthusiasts and intrepid parts hunters looking to spot or resurrect a diamond in the rough. Whether you’re after parts, nostalgia, or just the unique experience of seeing these all-terrain survivors up close, Colorado’s yards never disappoint.

 

What potential problems could occur if the Tercel 4WD system was used improperly?

• Comparison to AWD Systems:Their article explicitly highlights that the Tercel’s 4WD system was similar to the “truck-style system” used in Subarus of that era. It notes that this system required careful handling on dry pavement to avoid damage, contrasting it with AWD systems that became more standard later in the decade. This provides a clear point of comparison, emphasizing the operational nuances of the Tercel’s 4WD system. You didn’t have to get out and futz with manual locking hubs—or even stop the car—to switch between front-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive in these cars, but you did need to make the decision about when to engage all four wheels. Keep it in 4WD on dry pavement for too long, and you risked not just excessive tire wear but potential drivetrain carnage, a kind of low-level anxiety that most American drivers, then or now, would probably prefer to avoid.

 

What is the user experience or consequence for American drivers?

For many American drivers, the responsibility of knowing when to use four-wheel drive could be a source of stress, since incorrect use might lead to mechanical issues.

 

What is required of the driver when operating the 4WD system?

The driver doesn’t need to leave the car or stop to shift between driving modes, but must actively choose when to engage or disengage four-wheel drive.

 

What exactly can go wrong if you misuse the Tercel’s 4WD system?

If you leave the Tercel in four-wheel drive while driving on dry pavement, you risk causing excessive tire wear and could even damage drivetrain components.

 

When did Toyota introduce the All-Trac system to the American market, and what impact did it have on the Tercel 4WD Wagon?

By noting that Toyota’s All-Trac AWD system was not available on the Tercel but was offered on other models like the Celica, Camry, and Corolla starting in 1988, it clarifies that the Tercel retained its distinct 4WD system while other models moved to AWD, underlining the difference. The All-Trac system, often equipped with a differential-lock option, provided power to all wheels without requiring drivers to make crucial decisions about how many wheels should get power—a notable shift from the manually engaged 4WD of the Tercel. In fact, beginning with the 1988 model year, Americans could buy a Corolla wagon with All-Trac, which ultimately sealed the fate of the Tercel 4WD; sales of both wagons briefly overlapped in early 1988 before the Tercel was phased out. This transition not only marked a technological evolution but also highlighted Toyota’s move toward more user-friendly all-wheel-drive solutions in their mainstream lineup.

 

How did the All-Trac system function differently (in terms of driver operation)?

All-Trac typically included a differential-lock feature but was designed to operate automatically, so drivers did not need to manually select how power was distributed to the wheels.

 

What direct impact did the introduction of All-Trac have on the Tercel 4WD?

The launch of the All-Trac system on the Corolla wagon led to the eventual discontinuation of the Tercel 4WD wagon.

 

Did the Tercel 4WD and All-Trac models overlap in sales, and if so, when?

Yes, both the Tercel 4WD and Corolla All-Trac wagons were sold concurrently during the early months of 1988.

 

When exactly did All-Trac become available in the U.S. Market?

All-Trac was introduced for American buyers beginning with the 1988 model year.

 

Which specific model first offered All-Trac in the U.S.?

The Corolla wagon was the first U.S. Model available with the All-Trac all-wheel-drive system.

 

What changes did Toyota make with the introduction of the All-Trac all-wheel-drive system, and how did it differ from previous systems?

How did the 4WD system in the Tercel differ from all-wheel-drive systems?

Their article provides a direct comparison between the 4WD system in the Tercel and all-wheel-drive (AWD) systems, focusing on key differences and broader market context. Here’s how it more thoroughly answers the question:

1. Comparison to AWD Systems:Their article explicitly highlights that the Tercel’s 4WD system was similar to the “truck-style system” used in Subarus of that era. It notes that this system required careful handling on dry pavement to avoid damage, contrasting it with AWD systems that became more standard later in the decade. This provides a clear point of comparison, emphasizing the operational nuances of the Tercel’s 4WD system.
2. Market Context and Evolution:It mentions that most U.S. Car manufacturers transitioned to AWD systems later, providing context for why the Tercel’s 4WD system was different. It implies that AWD systems were designed to be more user-friendly and adaptable to different driving conditions, unlike the more complex and potentially damaging 4WD system in the Tercel.
3. Specifics of Availability:By noting that Toyota’s All-Trac AWD system was not available on the Tercel but was offered on other models like the Celica, Camry, and Corolla starting in 1988, it clarifies that the Tercel retained its distinct 4WD system while other models moved to AWD, underlining the difference.

Further context from their article enhances this comparison: Around the 1988 model year, Toyota introduced the All-Trac all-wheel-drive system for the Corolla wagon in the U.S. Unlike the Tercel’s 4WD setup, the All-Trac system often featured a differential-lock option and didn’t require the driver to make crucial decisions about how many wheels should get power. This more hands-off approach made AWD systems like All-Trac more appealing to mainstream buyers and signaled a shift in consumer expectations away from the “engage it when you need it” mindset of traditional 4WD.

In fact, the introduction of All-Trac in models like the Corolla effectively marked the end of the Tercel 4WD era in the U.S.—sales of the two wagons briefly overlapped in 1988, but the writing was on the wall. The market was moving toward systems that blended adaptability, simplicity, and everyday usability—qualities where the Tercel’s more truck-like, driver-dependent 4WD system was at a disadvantage.

In contrast, Your article focuses more on the technical aspects and unique features of the Tercel’s 4WD system, such as its longitudinal driveline and specialized transmission, without explicitly comparing it to AWD systems or discussing how it differed in practical terms.

 

What effect did All-Trac’s introduction have on the Tercel 4WD?

The launch of All-Trac on the Corolla wagon marked the beginning of the end for the Tercel 4WD, as the newer system rendered the older approach less appealing, though both models were briefly sold alongside each other in early 1988.

 

When and on which model was All-Trac introduced?

The All-Trac system became available to American buyers starting with the 1988 model year, debuting in the Corolla wagon.

 

How did All-Trac differ operationally from previous systems?

Unlike earlier four-wheel-drive setups that needed the driver to engage or disengage the system and sometimes use a differential lock, All-Trac operated seamlessly without the need for any driver intervention regarding power distribution.

 

What was All-Trac and what did it do?

All-Trac was Toyota’s all-wheel-drive system, designed to distribute power to all four wheels automatically, without requiring the driver to select which wheels were powered.

 

What are some rare or less common four-wheel-drive vehicles that have been sold in the United States?

Overland Jeep Cherokee XJ: Adventure on a Budget

Probably the most bang for your buck of any off-road vehicle available today is the four door Jeep Cherokee XJ, especially for pure versatility. The XJ sits right alongside other under-the-radar 4×4 gems—think Mercury Topaz AWD, Nissan Stanza 4WD Wagon, or even the Colorado-favorite Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon. These quirky, capable oddballs have been quietly tackling snowy driveways and mountain trails for decades, but the Cherokee XJ stands out for its ruggedness, parts availability, and sheer adaptability. If you crave adventure without emptying your wallet, the XJ and its band of unlikely 4WD companions have your back.

• Bryon Dorr
• February 17, 2020

 

Are there any four-wheel-drive wagons that had notable sales in specific regions?

The Toyota Tercel 4WD Wagon, for example, gained particular popularity in Colorado, achieving standout sales success in that region.

 

Which four-wheel-drive vehicles might be considered unusual or “rarities” in the U.S. Market?

Vehicles such as the all-wheel-drive Mercury Topaz and four-wheel-drive Nissan Stanza Wagon are considered out-of-the-ordinary finds, standing out due to their limited availability and unique drivetrain configurations.

 

What are examples of rare or less common four-wheel-drive vehicles sold in the United States?

Some lesser-seen four-wheel-drive vehicles in the U.S. Include models like the Mercury Topaz AWD and the Nissan Stanza 4WD Wagon, which are seldom spotted on today’s roads.

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